Javascript 参考手册¶

本文介绍了Odoo的Javascript框架。这个框架在代码行数方面并不是一个大型应用程序，但它非常通用，因为它基本上是一个将声明性接口描述转换为能够与数据库中的每个模型和记录进行交互的实时应用程序的机器。甚至可以使用Web客户端修改Web客户端的界面。

概览¶

Javascript框架旨在处理三种主要用例：

the web client: 这是私有的网络应用程序，可以查看和编辑业务数据。这是一个单页应用程序（页面从不重新加载，只有在需要时才从服务器获取新数据）
the website: this is the public part of Odoo. It allows an unidentified user to browse some content, to shop or to perform many actions, as a client. This is a classical website: various routes with controllers and some javascript to make it work.
the point of sale: this is the interface for the point of sale. It is a specialized single page application.

Some javascript code is common to these three use cases, and is bundled together (see below in the assets section). This document will focus mostly on the architecture of the web client.

Web客户端¶

单页应用程序¶

The web client is a single-page application: instead of requesting a full page from the server each time the user performs an action, it only loads what is needed to update the user interface (UI) as a result of that action. While doing this, it also takes care of updating information in the URL, so that, in most cases, refreshing the page or closing the browser and opening it again shows you the same thing.

Web客户端JS代码概述¶

Here, we give a very quick overview of the web client code, in the web addon. The paths will be described relative to web/static/src. The following description is deliberately not exhaustive; the goal is only to give the reader a bird’s eye view of the architecture.

module_loader.js: this is the file that defines the Odoo javascript module system. It needs to be loaded before any other JS module.
core/: this folder contains code that forms the lowest level of the javascript framework and that can be used in the web client as well as the website, portal, and point of sale application.
weblient/: this folder contains files that are specific to the web client and cannot be used in the website or point of sale, such as the action manager and the action service.
webclient/webclient.js: this is the webclient component proper. It is mostly a wrapper for the action container and the navbar, and does a few things that are required upon starting the application, such as loading the state of the url.
webclient/actions/: this folder contains the code responsible for displaying and switching between actions.
views/: this folder contains the code for the view infrastructure, as well as most of the views (some types of views are added by other addons).
views/fields/: contains the definition of the various field components, as well as some utilities used by multiple fields.
search/ all these files define the search view (it is not a view in the point of view of the web client, only from the server point of view)

如果文件未加载/更新该怎么办¶

有很多不同的原因可能导致文件无法正确加载。以下是您可以尝试解决问题的一些方法：

Make sure you saved your file; forgetting to do that happens to the best of us.
Take a look at the console (in the dev tools, usually opened with F12) and check for errors.
Try adding a console.log() at the beginning of your file so you can see if a file has been loaded or not. If it is not loaded, if may not be in the proper assets bundle, or the asset bundle may not be up to date.
Depending on your settings, the server may not regenerate the assets bundles after a file has been modified; there are a few options to solve this:
- restarting the server will force it to check if the asset bundle is up to date the next time it is requested
- in debug mode, there is an option in the debug menu ( button in the navbar) to force the server to regenerate the assets bundle on the fly without restarting.
- starting the server with the --dev=xml option will force the server to check if an asset bundle is up to date every time it is requested. We advise you to use this option when actively developing, but not in production.
Make sure you refresh your page after changing the code. Odoo currently does not have any hot module reloading mechanism.

加载 JavaScript 代码¶

Large applications are usually broken up into smaller files, that need to be connected together. Some file may need to use code defined in another file. There are two ways of sharing code between files:

using the global scope (the window object) to read/write references to some objects or functions,
using a module system that will provide a way for each modules to export or import values, and will make sure that they are loaded in a proper order.

虽然在全局范围内工作是可能的，但这会带来许多问题：

It is difficult to ensure that implementation details are not exposed: function declarations in the global scope are accessible to all other code.
There is a single namespace, creating great potential for naming conflicts.
Dependencies are implicit: if a piece of code depends on another, the order in which they are loaded is important, but difficult to guarantee.

Using a module system helps resolve these issues: because modules specify their dependencies, the module system can load them in the proper order or emit an error if dependencies are missing or circular. Modules also form their own namespace, and can choose what to export, preventing exposure of implementation detail and naming collisions.

While we could use ECMAScript (ES) modules directly, there are a number of disadvantages to that approach: each ES module requires a network round trip, which becomes very slow when you have hundreds of files, and many files in Odoo need to be present despite not being imported by anything because they simply add code that the framework will use instead of the other way around.

Because of this, Odoo has a system of asset bundles. In these bundles, JavaScript files are ES modules with a special annotation at the top. These modules will be bundled together and transpiled to be usable by our module loader. While you can write code that doesn’t use this module system, it is generally not recommended.

(see 本地 JavaScript 模块)

Patching classes¶

While we do our best to provide extension points that don’t require it, it is sometimes necessary to modify the behavior of an existing class in place. The goal is to have a mechanism to change a class and all future/present instances. This is done by using the patch utility function:

/** @odoo-module */
import { Hamster } from "@web/core/hamster"
import { patch } from "@web/core/utils/patch";

patch(Hamster.prototype, {
    sleep() {
        super.sleep(...arguments);
        console.log("zzzz");
    },
});

When patching methods, you need to patch the class’ prototype, but if you would like to patch a static property of the class, you need to patch the class itself.

Patching is a dangerous operation and should be done with care as it will modify all instances of the class, even if they have already been created. To avoid weird issues, patches should be applied as soon as possible, at the top-level of your module. Patching classes at runtime can result in extremely difficult to debug issues if the class has already been instanciated.

注册表¶

A common need in the Odoo ecosystem is to extend/change the behaviour of the base system from the outside (by installing an application, i.e. a different module). For example, one may need to add a new field widget in some views. In that case, and many others, the usual process is to create the desired component, then add it to a registry (registering step), to make the rest of the web client aware of its existence.

There are a few registries available in the system. The registries that are used by the framework are categories on the main registry, that can be imported from @web/core/registry

field registry

字段注册表包含所有已知的字段小部件。每当视图（通常是表单或列表/看板）需要字段小部件时，它会在这里查找。典型的用例如下：

import { registry } from "@web/core/registry";
class PadField extends Component { ... }

registry.category("fields").add("pad", {
  component: PadField,
  supportedTypes: ["char"],
  // ...
});

查看注册表

This registry contains all JS views known to the web client.

动作注册表

We keep track of all client actions in this registry. This is where the action manager looks up whenever it needs to create a client action. Client actions can be a function - the function will be called when the action is invoked, and the returned value will be executed as a follow up action if needed - or an Owl component that will be displayed when executing that action.

服务¶

Within the webclient, there are some concerns that cannot be handled by a single component, as the concern is transversal, involves many components, or needs to maintain some state for as long as the application is alive.

Services are a solution to these problems: they are created during application startup, are available to components through the hook useService, and stay alive for the entire lifetime of the application.

For example, we have the orm service whose job is to allow interacting with business objects on the server.

Here is a simplified example on how the orm service is implemented:

import { registry } from "@web/core/registry";
export const OrmService = {
    start() {
        return {
            read(...) { ... },
            write(...) { ... },
            unlink(...) { ... },
            ...
        }
    },
};
registry.category("services").add("orm", OrmService);

Using services¶

Services are available in the environment, but should generally be used through the useService hook, which prevents calling methods on the service after a component has been destroyed, and prevents further code from executing after a method call if the component was destroyed during the call.

class SomeComponent extends Component {
    setup() {
        this.orm = useService("orm");
    }
    // ...
    getActivityModelViewID(model) {
        return this.orm.call(model, "get_activity_view_id", this.params);
    }
}

Talking to the server¶

There are typically two use cases when working on Odoo: one may need to call a method on a (python) model (this goes through the controller /web/dataset/call_kw), or one may need to directly call a controller (available on some route).

Calling a method on a python model is done through the orm service:

return this.orm.call("some.model", "some_method", [some, args]);

Directly calling a controller is done through the rpc service:

return this.rpc("/some/route/", {
    some: param,
});

注解

The rpc service doesn’t really perform what is generally understood as a remote procedure call (RPC), but for historical reasons, within Odoo we generally call any network request performed in JavaScript an RPC. As highlighted in the previous paragraph, if you want to call a method on a model, you should use the orm service.

通知¶

The Odoo framework has a standard way to communicate various information to the user: notifications, which are displayed on the top right of the user interface. The types of notification follow the bootstrap toasts:

info: useful to display some informational feedback as a consequence of an action that cannot fail.
success: the user performed an action that can sometimes fail but didn’t.
warning: the user performed an action that could only be partially completed. Also useful if something is wrong but wasn’t caused by the user directly, or is not particularly actionable.
success: the user tried to performed an action but it couldn’t be completed.

Notifications can also be used to ask a question to the user without disturbing their workflow: e.g. a phone call received through VOIP: a sticky notification could be displayed with two buttons to Accept or Decline.

Displaying notifications¶

There are two ways to display notifications in Odoo:

The notification service allows component to display notifications from JS code by calling the add method.
The display_notification client action allows to trigger the display of a notification from python (e.g. in the method called when the user clicked on a button of type object). This client action uses the notification service.

Notifications have a few options:

title: 字符串，可选。这将显示在顶部作为标题。
message: string, optional. The content of the notification. Can be a markup object to display formatted text.
sticky: 布尔值，可选（默认为 false）。如果为 true，则通知将一直保持显示，直到用户关闭它。否则，通知将在短时间后自动关闭。
type: string, optional (default “warning”). Determines the style of the notification. Possible values: “info”, “success”, “warning”, “danger”
className: string, optional. This is a css class name that will be automatically added to the notification. This could be useful for styling purpose, even though its use is discouraged.

Here are some examples on how to display notifications in JS:

// note that we call _t on the text to make sure it is properly translated.
this.notification.add({
    title: _t("Success"),
    message: _t("Your signature request has been sent.")
});
this.notification.add({
    title: _t("Error"),
    message: _t("Filter name is required."),
    type: "danger",
});

And in Python:

# note that we call _(string) on the text to make sure it is properly translated.
def show_notification(self):
    return {
        'type': 'ir.actions.client',
        'tag': 'display_notification',
        'params': {
            'title': _('Success'),
            'message': _('Your signature request has been sent.'),
            'sticky': False,
        }
    }

系统托盘¶

The Systray is the right part of the navbar in the interface, where the web client displays a few widgets, such as the messaging menu.

When the systray is created by the navbar, it will look for all registered systray items and display them.

There is currently no specific API for systray items. They are Owl components, and can communicate with their environment just like other components, e.g. by interacting with services.

添加新的系统托盘项目¶

Items can be added to the systray by adding them to the “systray” registry:

import { registry } from "@web/core/registry"
class MySystrayComponent extends Component {
    ...
}
registry.category("systray").add("MySystrayComponent", MySystrayComponent, { sequence: 1 });

The items are ordered in the systray according to their sequence in the systray registry.

翻译管理¶

Some translations are made on the server side (basically all text strings rendered or processed by the server), but there are strings in the static files that need to be translated. The way it currently works is the following:

each translatable string is tagged with the special function _t
这些字符串用于服务器生成正确的 PO 文件
每当网络客户端被加载时，它会调用路由 /web/webclient/translations，该路由返回所有可翻译术语的列表
at runtime, whenever the function _t is called, it will look up in this list in order to find a translation, and return it or the original string if none is found.

请注意，有关翻译的更详细解释，从服务器的角度来看，请参阅文档翻译模块。

import { _t } from "@web/core/l10n/translation";

class SomeComponent extends Component {
    static exampleString = _t("this should be translated");
    ...
    someMethod() {
        const str = _t("some text");
    }
}

Note that using the translation function requires some care: the string given as an argument cannot be dynamic, as it is extracted statically from the code to generate the PO files and serves as the identifier for the term to translate. If you need to inject some dynamic content in the string, _t supports placeholders:

import { _t } from "@web/core/l10n/translation";
const str = _t("Hello %s, you have %s unread messages.", user.name, unreadCount);

Notice how the string itself is fixed. This allows the translation function to retrieve the translated string before using it for interpolation.

会话¶

The webclient needs some information from the python to function properly. To avoid an extra round-trip with the server by making a network request in JavaScript, this information is serialized directly in the page, and can be accessed in JS through the @web/session module.

向会话添加信息¶

When the /web route is loaded, the server injects this information in a script tag. The information is obtained by calling the method session_info of the model ir.http. You can override this method to add information to the returned dictionary.

from odoo import models
from odoo.http import request

class IrHttp(models.AbstractModel):
    _inherit = 'ir.http'

    def session_info(self):
        result = super(IrHttp, self).session_info()
        result['some_key'] = get_some_value_from_db()
        return result

现在，可以通过在会话中读取它来在 JavaScript 中获取该值：

import { session } from "@web/session"
const myValue = session.some_key;
...

Note that this mechanism is designed to reduce the amount of communication needed by the web client to be ready. It is only appropriate for data which is cheap to compute (a slow session_info call will delay the loading for the web client for everyone), and for data which is required early in the initialization process.

视图¶

The word “view” has more than one meaning. This section is about the design of the javascript code of the views, not the structure of the arch or anything else.

While views are just owl components, the built-in views generally have the same structure: a component called “SomethingController” which is the root of the view. This component creates an instance of some “model” (an object responsible for managing the data), and has a subcomponent called a “renderer” that handles the display logic.

字段¶

网页客户端体验的重要部分是编辑和创建数据。大部分工作都是通过字段小部件完成的，它们了解字段类型以及特定细节，如何显示和编辑值。

装饰¶

Like the list view, field widgets have a simple support for decorations. The goal of decorations is to have a simple way to specify a text color depending on the record current state. For example:

<field name="state" decoration-danger="amount &lt; 10000"/>

有效的装饰名称为：

decoration-bf
decoration-it
decoration-danger
decoration-info
decoration-muted
decoration-primary
decoration-success
decoration-warning

每个修饰符 decoration-X 将被映射到一个 css 类 text-X，这是一个标准的 bootstrap css 类（除了 text-it 和 text-bf，它们由 odoo 处理并分别对应斜体和粗体）。请注意，修饰符属性的值应该是一个有效的 Python 表达式，它将在记录作为评估上下文时进行评估。

Non-relational fields¶

我们在此记录所有默认提供的非关系字段，没有特定的顺序。

整数 (integer)

This is the default field type for fields of type integer.

Supported field types: integer

选项：

type: setting the input type ("text" by default, can be set on "number")
In edit mode, the field is rendered as an input with the HTML attribute type set on "number" (so user can benefit the native support, especially on mobile). In this case, the default formatting is disabled to avoid incompability.
<field name="int_value" options="{'type': 'number'}" />
step: set the step to the value up and down when the user click on buttons (only for input of type number, 1 by default)
<field name="int_value" options="{'type': 'number', 'step': 100}" />
format: should the number be formatted. (true by default)
By default, numbers are formatted according to locale parameters. This option will prevent the field’s value from being formatted.
<field name="int_value" options='{"format": false}' />

Float (float)

This is the default field type for fields of type float.

Supported field types: float

属性：

digits: displayed precision

<field name="factor" digits="[42,5]" />

选项：

type: setting the input type ("text" by default, can be set on "number")
In edit mode, the field is rendered as an input with the HTML attribute type set on "number" (so user can benefit the native support, especially on mobile). In this case, the default formatting is disabled to avoid incompability.
<field name="int_value" options="{'type': 'number'}" />
step: set the step to the value up and down when the user click on buttons (only for input of type number, 1 by default)
<field name="int_value" options="{'type': 'number', 'step': 0.1}" />
format: should the number be formatted. (true by default)
By default, numbers are formatted according to locale parameters. This option will prevent the field’s value from being formatted.
<field name="int_value" options="{'format': false}" />

Time (float_time)

The goal of this widget is to display properly a float value that represents a time interval (in hours). So, for example, 0.5 should be formatted as 0:30, or 4.75 correspond to 4:45.

Supported field types: float

Float Factor (float_factor)

This widget aims to display properly a float value that converted using a factor given in its options. So, for example, the value saved in database is 0.5 and the factor is 3, the widget value should be formatted as 1.5.

Supported field types: float

Float Toggle (float_toggle)

The goal of this widget is to replace the input field by a button containing a range of possible values (given in the options). Each click allows the user to loop in the range. The purpose here is to restrict the field value to a predefined selection. Also, the widget support the factor conversion as the float_factor widget (Range values should be the result of the conversion).

Supported field types: float

<field name="days_to_close" widget="float_toggle" options="{'factor': 2, 'range': [0, 4, 8]}" />

Boolean (boolean)

This is the default field type for fields of type boolean.

Supported field types: boolean

Char (char)

This is the default field type for fields of type char.

Supported field types: char

日期 (date)

This is the default field type for fields of type date. It consists of a text box and a date picker.

Supported field types: date

选项：

min_date / max_date: sets limit dates for accepted values. By default, the earliest accepted date is 1000-01-01 and the latest is 9999-12-31. Accepted values are SQL-formatted dates (yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss) or "today".
<field name="datefield" options="{'min_date': 'today', 'max_date': '2023-12-31'}" />
warn_future: displays a warning if the value is in the future (based on today).
<field name="datefield" options="{'warn_future': true}" />

日期和时间 (datetime)

This is the default field type for fields of type datetime. The values are always in the client’s timezone.

Supported field types: datetime

选项：

see Date Field options
rounding: increment used to generate available minutes in the time picker. This does not affect the actual value, just the amount of available options in the select dropdown (default: 5).
<field name="datetimefield" options="{'rounding': 10}" />
show_seconds: when set to false, it hides the seconds from the datetime field. The field will still accept datetime values, but the seconds will be hidden in the UI (default: true).
<field name="datetimefield" widget="datetime" options="{'show_seconds': false}" />
show_time: when set to false, it hides the time part from the datetime field. The field will still accept datetime values, but the time part will be hidden in the UI (default: true).
<field name="datetimefield" widget="datetime" options="{'show_time': false}" />

Date Range (daterange)

This widget allows the user to select start and end date from a single picker.

Supported field types: date, datetime

选项：

see Date Field or Date & Time Field options
start_date_field: field used to get/set the start value of the date range (cannot be used with end_date_field).
<field name="end_date" widget="daterange" options="{'start_date_field': 'start_date'}" />
end_date_field: field used to get/set the end value of the date range (cannot be used with start_date_field).
<field name="start_date" widget="daterange" options="{'end_date_field': 'end_date'}" />

Remaining Days (remaining_days)

This widget can be used on date and datetime fields. In readonly, it displays the delta (in days) between the value of the field and today. The widget turns into a regular date or datetime field in edit mode.

Supported field types: date, datetime

货币 (monetary)

This is the default field type for fields of type monetary. It is used to display a currency. If there is a currency fields given in option, it will use that, otherwise it will fall back to the default currency (in the session)

Supported field types: monetary, float

选项：

currency_field: another field name which should be a many2one on currency.

<field name="value" widget="monetary" options="{'currency_field': 'currency_id'}" />

Text (text)

This is the default field type for fields of type text.

Supported field types: text

Handle (handle)

This field’s job is to be displayed as a handle, and allows reordering the various records by drag and dropping them.

警告

必须在记录排序的字段上指定。

警告

在同一个列表中有多个带有句柄小部件的字段是不支持的。

Supported field types: integer

Email (email)

该字段显示电子邮件地址。使用它的主要原因是在只读模式下，它会呈现为带有正确 href 的锚标签。

Supported field types: char

Phone (phone)

此字段显示电话号码。使用它的主要原因是它以只读模式呈现为带有正确 href 的锚标签，但仅在某些情况下：我们只想在设备可以拨打此特定号码时使其可点击。

Supported field types: char

URL (url)

该字段以只读模式显示URL。使用它的主要原因是它被呈现为带有正确CSS类和href的锚标签。

此外，锚点标签的文本可以使用 text 属性进行自定义（它不会改变 href 值）。

Supported field types: char

<field name="foo" widget="url" text="Some URL" />

选项：

website_path: (default: false) by default, the widget forces (if not already the case) the href value to begin with "http://" except if this option is set to true, thus allowing redirections to the database’s own website.

Domain (domain)

The domain field allows the user to construct a technical-prefix domain thanks to a tree-like interface and see the selected records in real time. In debug mode, an input is also there to be able to enter the prefix char domain directly (or to build advanced domains the tree-like interface does not allow to).

Note that this is limited to static domains (no dynamic expressions, or access to context variable).

Supported field types: char

Link button (link_button)

The LinkButton widget actually simply displays a span with an icon and the text value as content. The link is clickable and will open a new browser window with its value as url.

Supported field types: char

Image File (image)

This widget is used to represent a binary value as an image. In some cases, the server returns a bin_size instead of the real image (a bin_size is a string representing a file size, such as "6.5kb"). In that case, the widget will make an image with a source attribute corresponding to an image on the server.

Supported field types: binary

选项：

preview_image: if the image is only loaded as a bin_size, then this option is useful to inform the web client that the default field name is not the name of the current field, but the name of another field.
<field name="image" widget="image" options="{'preview_image': 'image_128'}" />
accepted_file_extensions: the file extension the user can pick from the file input dialog box (default value is "image/*")

(cf: accept attribute on <input type="file" />)

Binary File (binary)

通用小部件，用于保存/下载二进制文件。

Supported field types: binary

属性：

filename: saving a binary file will lose its file name, since it only saves the binary value. The file name can be saved in another field. To do that, a filename attribute should be set to a field present in the view.
<field name="datas" filename="datas_fname" />

选项：

accepted_file_extensions: the file extension the user can pick from the file input dialog box

(cf: accept attribute on <input type="file" />)

Priority (priority)

此小部件呈现为一组星星，允许用户单击它来选择值或不选择。例如，这对于标记任务为高优先级非常有用。

Note that this widget also works in readonly mode, which is unusual.

Supported field types: selection

Image Attachment (attachment_image)

Image widget for many2one fields. If the field is set, this widget will be rendered as an image with the proper src url. This widget does not have a different behaviour in edit or readonly mode, it is only useful to view an image.

Supported field types: many2one

<field name="displayed_image_id" widget="attachment_image" />

Label Selection (label_selection)

This widget renders a simple non-editable label. This is only useful to display some information, not to edit it.

Supported field types: selection

选项：

classes: a mapping from a selection value to a CSS class name

<field
    name="state"
    widget="label_selection"
    options="{
        'classes': {
            'draft': 'default',
            'cancel': 'default',
            'none': 'danger',
        },
    }"
/>

State Selection (state_selection)

This is a specialized selection widget. It assumes that the record has some hardcoded fields, present in the view: stage_id, legend_normal, legend_blocked, legend_done. This is mostly used to display and change the state of a task in a project, with additional information displayed in the dropdown.

Supported field types: selection

<field name="kanban_state" widget="state_selection" />

State Selection - List View (list.state_selection)

In list views, the state_selection field displays by default the label next to the icon.

Supported field types: selection

选项：

hide_label: hide the label next to the icon

<field name="kanban_state" widget="state_selection" options="{'hide_label': true}" />

Favorite (boolean_favorite)

此小部件根据布尔值显示为空星形或实星形。请注意，它也可以在只读模式下进行编辑。

Supported field types: boolean

Toggle (boolean_toggle)

Displays a toggle switch to represent a boolean. This is a subfield of the boolean field, mostly used to have a different look.

Supported field types: boolean

Stat Info (statinfo)

This widget is meant to represent statistical information in a stat button. It is basically just a label with a number.

Supported field types: integer, float

选项：

label_field: if given, the widget will use the value of the label_field as text.

<button
    name="%(act_payslip_lines)d"
    icon="fa-money"
    type="action"
>
    <field
        name="payslip_count"
        widget="statinfo"
        string="Payslip"
        options="{'label_field': 'label_tasks'}"
    />
</button>

Percent Pie (percentpie)

This widget is meant to represent statistical information in a stat button. This is similar to a statinfo widget, but the information is represented in a pie chart (empty to full). Note that the value is interpreted as a percentage (a number between 0 and 100).

Supported field types: integer, float

<field name="replied_ratio" string="Replied" widget="percentpie" />

Progress Bar (progressbar)

Represent a value as a progress bar (from 0 to some value)

Supported field types: integer, float

选项：

editable: boolean determining whether the value is editable
current_value: get the current value from the field that must be present in the view
max_value: get the maximum value from the field that must be present in the view
edit_max_value: boolean determining whether the max_value is editable
title: title of the bar, displayed on top of the bar

-> not translated, use title attribute (not option) instead if the term must be translated

<field
    name="absence_of_today"
    widget="progressbar"
    options="{
        'current_value': 'absence_of_today',
        'max_value': 'total_employee',
        'editable': false,
    }"
/>

Journal Dashboard Graph (dashboard_graph)

This is a more specialized widget, useful to display a graph representing a set of data. For example, it is used in the accounting dashboard kanban view.

它假设该字段是一组数据的JSON序列化。

Supported field types: char

属性：

graph_type: string, can be either "line" or "bar"

<field name="dashboard_graph_data" widget="dashboard_graph" graph_type="line" />

Ace Editor (ace)

此小部件旨在用于文本字段。它提供了用于编辑XML和Python的Ace编辑器。

Supported field types: char, text

Badge (badge)

在 Bootstrap 徽章标签中显示数值。

Supported field types: char, selection, many2one

By default, the badge has a light grey background, but it can be customized by using the Decoration mechanism. For instance, to display a red badge under a given condition:

<field name="foo" widget="badge" decoration-danger="state == 'cancel'" />

关联字段¶

选择 (selection)

Supported field types: selection

属性：
placeholder: a string which is used to display some info when no value is selected
<field name="tax_id" widget="selection" placeholder="Select a tax" />

Radio (radio)

This is a subfield of FielSelection, but specialized to display all the valid choices as radio buttons.

请注意，如果在many2one记录上使用，则会执行更多的rpc以获取相关记录的name_gets。

Supported field types: selection, many2one

选项：

horizontal: if true, radio buttons will be displayed horizontally.

<field name="recommended_activity_type_id" widget="radio" options="{'horizontal': true}"/>

Badge Selection (selection_badge)

This is a subfield of selection field, but specialized to display all the valid choices as rectangular badges.

Supported field types: selection, many2one

<field name="recommended_activity_type_id" widget="selection_badge" />

Many2one (many2one)

多对一字段的默认小部件。

Supported field types: many2one

属性：

can_create: allow the creation of related records (takes precedence over no_create option)
can_write: allow the editing of related records (default: true)

选项：

quick_create: allow the quick creation of related records (default: true)
no_create: prevent the creation of related records - hide both the Create “xxx” and Create and Edit dropdown menu items (default: false)
no_quick_create: prevent the quick creation of related records - hide the Create “xxx” dropdown menu item (default: false)
no_create_edit: hide the Create and Edit dropdown menu item (default: false)
create_name_field: when creating a related record, if this option is set, the value of the create_name_field will be filled with the value of the input (default: name)
always_reload: boolean, default to false. If true, the widget will always do an additional name_get to fetch its name value. This is used for the situations where the name_get method is overridden (please do not do that)
no_open: boolean, default to false. If set to true, the many2one will not redirect on the record when clicking on it (in readonly mode)

<field name="currency_id" options="{'no_create': true, 'no_open': true}" />

Many2one Barcode (many2one_barcode)

Widget for many2one fields allows to open the camera from a mobile device (Android/iOS) to scan a barcode.

Specialization of many2one field where the user is allowed to use the native camera to scan a barcode. Then it uses name_search to search this value.

If this widget is set and user is not using the mobile application, it will fallback to regular many2one (Many2OneField)

Supported field types: many2one

Many2one Avatar (many2one_avatar)

This widget is only supported on many2one fields pointing to a model which inherits from image.mixin. In readonly, it displays the image of the related record next to its display_name. Note that the display_name isn’t a clickable link in this case. In edit, it behaves exactly like the regular many2one.

Supported field types: many2one

Many2one Avatar User (many2one_avatar_user)

This widget is a specialization of the Many2OneAvatar. When the avatar is clicked, we open a chat window with the corresponding user. This widget can only be set on many2one fields pointing to the res.users model.

Supported field types: many2one (pointing to res.users)

Many2one Avatar Employee (many2one_avatar_employee)

Same as many2one_avatar_user, but for many2one fields pointing to hr.employee.

Supported field types: many2one (pointing to hr.employee)

Many2many (many2many)

Default widget for many2many fields.

Supported field types: many2many

属性：

mode: string, default view to display
domain: restrict the data to a specific domain

选项：

create_text: allow the customization of the text displayed when adding a new record
link: domain determining whether records can be added to the relation (default: true).
unlink: domain determining whether records can be removed from the relation (default: true).

Many2many Binary File (many2many_binary)

此小部件帮助用户同时上传或删除一个或多个文件。

Note that this widget is specific to the model ir.attachment.

Supported field types: many2many

选项：

accepted_file_extensions: the file extension the user can pick from the file input dialog box

(cf: accept attribute on <input type="file" />)

Many2many Tags (many2many_tags)

Display a many2many field as a list of tags.

Supported field types: many2many

选项：

create: domain determining whether or not new tags can be created (default: true).

<field name="category_id" widget="many2many_tags" options="{'create': [['some_other_field', '>', 24]]}" />

color_field: the name of a numeric field, which should be present in the view. A color will be chosen depending on its value.
<field name="category_id" widget="many2many_tags" options="{'color_field': 'color'}" />

no_edit_color: set to true to remove the possibility to change the color of the tags (default: false).

<field name="category_id" widget="many2many_tags" options="{'color_field': 'color', 'no_edit_color': true}" />

edit_tags: set to true to add the possibility to update tag related record by clicking on the tags. (default: false).
<field name="category_id" widget="many2many_tags" options="{'edit_tags': true}" />

Many2many Tags - Form View (form.many2many_tags)

Specialization of many2many_tags widget for form views. It has some extra code to allow editing the color of a tag.

Supported field types: many2many

Many2many Tags - Kanban View (kanban.many2many_tags)

Specialization of many2many_tags widget for kanban views.

Supported field types: many2many

Many2many Checkboxes (many2many_checkboxes)

This field displays a list of checkboxes and allows the user to select a subset of the choices. Note that the number of displayed values is limited to 100. This limit isn’t customizable. It simply allows to handle extreme cases where this widget is wrongly set on a field with a huge comodel. In those cases, a list view is more adequate as it allows pagination and filtering.

Supported field types: many2many

One2many (one2many)

Default widget for one2many fields. It usually displays data in a sub list view, or a sub kanban view.

Supported field types: one2many

选项：

create: domain determining whether or not related records can be created (default: true).
delete: domain determining whether or not related records can be deleted (default: true).
<field name="turtles" options="{'create': [['some_other_field', '>', 24]]}" />
create_text: a string that is used to customize the ‘Add’ label/text.
<field name="turtles" options="{'create_text': 'Add turtle'}" />

Status Bar (statusbar)

This is a field specific to the form views. It is the bar on top of many forms which represent a flow, and allow selecting a specific state.

Supported field types: selection, many2one

Reference (reference)

The reference field is a combination of a select (for the model) and a many2one field (for its value). It allows the selection of a record on an arbitrary model.

Supported field types: char, reference

选项：

model_field: name of an ir.model containing the model of the records that can be selected. When this option is set, the select part of the reference field isn’t displayed.

小部件¶

Ribbon (web_ribbon)

This widget displays a ribbon at the top right corner of the kanban card or the form view sheet, for instance, to indicate archived records.

<widget name="web_ribbon" title="Archived" bg_color="text-bg-danger"/>

属性：

title: text displayed in the ribbon.
tooltip: text displayed in the ribbon’s tooltip.
bg-class: classname to set on the ribbon, typically to define the ribbon’s color.

Week Days (week_days)

This widget displays a list of checkboxes for week days, 1 checkbox for each day and allow the user to select a subset of the choices.

<widget name="week_days" />

客户端操作¶

A client action is a component that can be displayed as the main element in the webclient, occupying all the space below the navbar, just like an act_window_action. This is useful when you need a component that is not closely linked to an existing view or a specific model. For example, the Discuss application is a client action.

客户端操作是一个术语，其含义因上下文而异：

从服务器的角度来看，它是一个模型 ir_action 的记录，具有一个类型为 char 的字段 tag
from the perspective of the web client, it is an Owl component registered in the action registry under the same key its tag

Whenever a menu item is associated with a client action, opening it will simply fetch the action definition from the server, then lookup its tag in the action registry to get the component definition. This component will then be rendered by the action container.

添加客户端操作¶

A client action is a component that will control the part of the screen below the navbar. Defining a client action is as simple as creating an Owl component and adding it to the action registry.

import { registry } from "@web/core/registry";
class MyClientAction extends Component { ... }
registry.category("actions").add("my-custom-action", ClientAction);

然后，在Web客户端中使用客户端操作，我们需要创建一个客户端操作记录（一个 ir.actions.client 模型的记录），并设置正确的 tag 属性：

<record id="my_client_action" model="ir.actions.client">
    <field name="name">Some Name</field>
    <field name="tag">my-custom-action</field>
</record>

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