厄瓜多尔¶
介绍¶
使用厄瓜多尔本地化功能,您可以生成带有XML、财务号码、电子签名和直接连接到税务机构SRI的电子文档。
支持的单据包括发票、贷项通知单、借项通知单、采购清算和代扣代缴。
该本地化还包括自动化功能,可轻松预测应对每张采购发票应用的代扣税。
术语表¶
以下是厄瓜多尔本地化中必不可少的一些术语:
SRI: 意思是 Servicio de Rentas Internas,这是厄瓜多尔政府机构,负责强制纳税。
EDI: stands for Electronic Data Interchange, which refers to the sending of Electronics Documents.
RIMPE: stands for Regimen Simplificado para Emprendedores y Negocios, the type of taxpayer qualified for SRI.
配置¶
模块安装¶
Install the following modules to get all the features of the Ecuadorian localization:
名称 |
技术名称 |
描述 |
---|---|---|
厄瓜多尔 - 会计 |
|
默认的 财务本地化包 为厄瓜多尔本地化添加了会计特性,这代表了公司在厄瓜多尔运营所需的最低配置,符合 SRI 设定的指南。模块的安装会自动加载:科目表、税收、文档类型、税收支持类型。此外,103和104表格的生成也是自动的。 |
厄瓜多尔会计EDI |
|
包括生成和验证 电子文档 的所有技术和功能要求,基于SRI发布的技术文档。授权的文档包括:发票、贷项通知单、借项通知单、代扣和采购结算。 |
Ecuadorian Accounting Reports |
|
Includes all the technical and functional requirements to generate forms 103 and 104. |
Ecuador - ATS Report |
|
Includes all the technical and functional requirements to generate the ATS report XML file ready to be uploaded to the DIMM Formularios. |
Ecuadorian Website |
|
Includes all the technical and functional requirements to generate automatic electronic invoices from a Website sale. |
Ecuadorian Point of Sale |
|
Includes all the technical and functional requirements to generate automatic electronic invoices from a POS sale. |
注解
当您选择 Ecuador
作为国家来安装一个全新的数据库时,Odoo会自动安装基础模块: Ecuadorian - Accounting 。
配置您的公司¶
要配置您的公司信息,请转到 联系人 应用程序并搜索您公司的名称,或者激活 开发者模式 并转到 ,然后编辑联系人以配置以下信息:
在顶部检查 公司 选项
名称
地址
身份证号码
纳税人类型
电话
Email
上传公司标志并保存
电子文件¶
要上传您的电子文档信息,请转到
并搜索 厄瓜多尔本地化。配置下列信息:
公司法定名称
使用生产服务器: 在您的公司将在生产环境中进行电子文档时,请勾选复选框。如果您想在测试环境中使用电子文档,则保持复选框未选中。
Regime: 选择您的公司是否属于普通一般或符合RIMPE资格。
强制保留会计账簿: 如果您的公司符合此条件,请勾选复选框。
默认代扣税
发行代扣: check the checkbox if your company is going to do electronic withholds.
扣除消耗: 在购买商品时输入扣除代码。
扣缴服务: 输入购买服务时的扣缴代码。
扣留信用卡: 在使用信用卡购买时,输入扣留代码
代扣代缴代理人编号: 如果适用于您的公司,请填写公司的代扣代缴代理人决议编号。
电子证书文件:上传电子证书和密码,然后保存。
特殊税收贡献者编号: if your company is qualified as a special taxpayer, fill out this field with it’s corresponding tax contributor number.
注解
当在配置菜单中配置代扣时,这些建议的代扣仅适用于国内供应商,当他们的 纳税人类型 没有设置代扣时。此外,当使用信用卡或借记卡SRI付款方式时,总是使用信用卡代扣设置。
增值税代扣¶
此配置仅适用于您被SRI认定为 代扣代缴机构 的情况,否则请跳过此步骤。要配置您的增值税代扣代缴,请转到:
。您必须为每种纳税人配置适用的代扣百分比,指定 货物增值税代扣 和 服务增值税代扣。
小技巧
在 纳税人类型 为 RIMPE
的情况下,还需配置 利润代扣 百分比。
打印机点数¶
要配置打印机点,转到
。需要为每种类型的电子文档配置打印机点。例如:客户发票、贷项通知和借项通知。
对于每个打印机点,您需要配置以下信息:
Journal Name: in this format
[Emission Entity]-[Emission Point] [Document Type]
, for example:001-001 Sales Documents
.Type: refers to the type of journal, select
Sales
.使用文档?:此复选框会自动选中,请保持选中状态。
发行实体: 配置机构号码。
Emission Point: 配置打印机点。
发票地址: 配置机构的地址。
默认收入账户:配置默认收入账户。
专用贷记通知序列: check the checkbox if 贷记通知 are to be generated from this printer point - journal.
Short Code: This is the unique code for the sequence of accounting entries, enter a unique 5-digit code, for example:
VT001
客户发票、贷项通知单和借项通知单需要使用与 发射点 相同的账簿,而 实体点 应该在每个账簿中是唯一的。
注解
在 高级设置 选项卡中,勾选 电子发票 复选框以启用它(适用于厄瓜多尔)。
另请参阅
代扣¶
必须定义一个代扣账簿,前往
在此处配置以下信息:Journal Name: in this format
[Emission Entity]-[Emission Point] [Document Type]
, for example:001-001 Withholding
.Type: 指的是日志类型,选择
Miscellaneous
。扣缴类型: 配置采购扣缴。
使用文档?:此复选框会自动选中,请保持选中状态。
发行实体: 配置机构号码。
Emission Point: 配置打印机点。
发票地址: 配置机构的地址。
默认账户:配置默认收入账户。
Short Code: This is the unique code for the sequence of accounting entries, enter a unique 5-digit code, for example:
RT001
注解
在 高级设置 选项卡中,勾选 电子发票 复选框以启用电子发票的发送功能,用于代扣。
采购清算¶
使用采购清算时,必须创建一个特定的日记账,转到
并 配置以下信息:Journal Name: in this format
[Emission Entity]-[Emission Point] [Document Type]
, for example:001-001 Withhold
.Type: 指的是日志类型,选择
Miscellaneous
。购买清算: 选中复选框以启用购买清算。
使用文档?:此复选框会自动选中,请保持选中状态。
发行实体: 配置机构号码。
Emission Point: 配置打印机点。
发票地址: 配置机构的地址。
Short Code: This is the unique code for the sequence of accounting entries, enter a unique 5-digit code, for example:
RT001
注解
在 高级设置 选项卡中,勾选 电子发票 复选框以启用电子发票的发送功能,用于代扣。
配置主数据¶
科目表¶
默认情况下, 账户图表 作为本地化模块中包含的数据集的一部分进行安装,账户会自动映射到税项、默认应付账户、默认应收账户。
厄瓜多尔的账户图表基于最新版本的公司监管机构,分为几个类别,并与NIIF会计兼容。
您可以根据公司的需求添加或删除账户。
产品¶
除了产品的基本信息外,您还必须添加适用的代扣代码(税)的配置。
转到
选项卡下的 “采购”联系人¶
创建联系人时配置以下信息:
在顶部选择 公司 选项,如果是具有 RUC 的联系人,或者选择 个人 选项,如果是具有 cedula 或护照的联系人。
名称
地址: 街道 是确认电子发票所必需的字段。
Identification Number: select an identification type
RUC
,Cedula
, orPassport
.纳税人类型:选择联系人的SRI纳税人类型。
电话
Email
注解
The SRI Taxpayer Type has inside the configuration of which VAT and Profit withholding will apply when you use this contact on Vendor Bill, and then create a withholding from there.
查看您的税收¶
作为本地化模块的一部分,税收将自动创建其配置和相关财务账户。
以下选项已自动配置:
税务支持: 仅在增值税中配置,此选项在注册购买扣款时非常有用。
Code ATS: to be configured only for income tax withholding codes, it is important when you register the withholding.
税务网格:如果是增值税,请配置104表的代码;如果是所得税代扣代码,请配置103表的代码。
税名:
对于IVA税,将名称格式化为:
IVA [percent] (104, [form code] [tax support code] [tax support short name])
对于所得税代扣代码,请按照以下格式命名:
Code ATS [扣缴百分比] [扣缴名称]
安装了Ecuador模块后,最常见的税收将自动配置。如果您需要创建额外的税收,您可以这样做,但必须基于现有税收的配置。
审核您的文档类型¶
一些会计交易,如 客户发票 和 供应商账单 ,是按照文档类型分类的。这些由政府财政机构定义,本例中由SRI定义。
每种文档类型可以在其分配的每个日志账簿中拥有唯一的序列。作为本地化的一部分,文档类型包括适用文档的国家;当本地化模块安装时,数据也会自动创建。
文档类型所需的信息已默认包含,因此用户无需在此填写任何内容。
工作流程¶
一旦您配置好了数据库,就可以注册您的文档。
销售文件¶
客户发票¶
:guilabel:`客户发票`是电子文档,当验证后会发送给SRI。这些文档可以从您的销售订单或手动创建。它们必须包含以下数据:
客户: 输入客户的信息。
Journal: 选择与客户发票的打印点匹配的选项。
文档类型: 在此格式中输入文档类型
(01) 发票
。Payment Method (SRI): 选择发票的支付方式。
产品: 指定带有正确税率的产品。
客户贷项通知单¶
The Customer credit note is an electronic document that, when validated, is sent to SRI. It is necessary to have a validated (posted) invoice in order to register a credit note. On the invoice there is a button named Credit note, click on this button to be directed to the Create credit note form, then complete the following information:
信用方式:选择信用方式的类型。
部分退款: 使用此选项当您需要输入文档的第一个数字,并且它是部分信用票据。
全额退款: 如果信用票据是针对整个发票的,且您需要信用票据自动验证和与发票对账,请使用此选项。
全额退款和新草稿发票: 如果信用票据是针对整个发票的,并且您希望信用票据自动验证和与发票对账,并自动创建新的草稿发票,请使用此选项。
原因: 输入贷项通知的原因。
回滚日期:选择 特定 选项。
撤销日期: 输入日期。
使用特定账簿: 选择您的贷项通知的打印点,如果您想使用与原始发票相同的账簿,则留空。
一旦审核完毕,您可以点击 反转 按钮。
当使用 部分退款 选项时,您可以更改贷项通知的金额,然后进行验证。在验证贷项通知之前,请查看以下信息:
客户: 输入客户的信息。
Journal: 选择客户信用票据的打印机点。
文档类型: 这是文档类型
(04) 信用票据
.产品: 必须指定带有正确税费的产品。
客户借记通知单¶
The Customer debit note is an electronic document that, when validated, is sent to SRI. It is necessary to have a validated (posted) invoice in order to register a debit note. On the invoice there is a button named Debit Note, click on this button to be directed to the Create debit note form, then complete the following information:
原因: 输入借记通知的原因。
借记通知单日期: 选择 特定 选项。
复制行: 选择此选项,如果您需要注册一张与发票相同的借记通知。
使用特定账簿: 选择您的贷项通知的打印点,如果您想使用与原始发票相同的账簿,则留空。
一旦审核完毕,您可以点击 创建借记通知单 按钮。
您可以更改借方通知单金额,然后进行验证。在验证借方通知单之前,请查看以下信息:
客户: 输入客户的信息。
Journal: 选择客户信用票据的打印机点。
文档类型: 这是文档类型
(05) 借记通知单
。产品: 必须指定带有正确税费的产品。
客户代扣税¶
The Customer withholding is a non-electronic document for your company, this document is issued by the client in order to apply a withholding to the sale.
为了注册客户代扣,需要有一个已验证(已发布)的发票。在发票上有一个名为 Add Withhold 的按钮,点击此按钮将跳转到 Customer Withholding 表单,然后填写以下信息:
文档编号:输入扣税号码。
保留行: 选择客户正在保留的税项。
在验证代扣之前,请检查每种税收的金额是否与原始文件相同。
采购文件¶
供应商账单¶
The Vendor bill is a non-electronic document for your company, this document is issued by your vendor when your company generates a purchase.
发票可以从采购订单或手动创建,必须包含以下信息:
供应商: 输入供应商的信息。
账单日期:选择发票日期。
日记账:这是供应商账单的日记账。
文档类型:这是文档类型
(01) 发票
文档编号:输入文档编号。
Payment Method (SRI): 选择发票的支付方式。
产品: 指定带有正确税率的产品。
重要
When creating the purchase withholding, verify that the bases (base amounts) are correct. If you need to edit the amount of the tax in the Vendor bill, click the Edit button. Otherwise, from the Journal Items tab click the Edit button and set the adjustment to go where you want.
采购清算¶
The Purchase liquidation is an electronic document that, when validated, is sent to SRI.
当公司购买商品时,如果供应商由于以下一种或多种情况没有开具发票,则公司会发行此类电子文档:
服务由厄瓜多尔非居民提供。
在厄瓜多尔没有居住地或机构的外国公司提供的服务。
从未注册RUC的自然人购买货物或服务,由于其文化水平或坚韧程度无法开具销售收据或客户发票。
向全职员工的家属关系人员购买商品或服务的报销。
由学院机构成员提供的用于行使其职能的服务。
这些类型的电子文档可以从 采购订单 或手动从 供应商账单 表单视图创建。它必须包含以下数据:
供应商: 输入供应商的信息。
Journal: 选择正确的打印机点的 Purchase Liquidation 的日记账。
文档类型: 这是文档类型
(03) 采购清算
文档编号: 输入文档编号(序列),您只需执行一次,然后序列将自动分配给下一个文档。
Payment Method (SRI): 选择发票的支付方式。
产品: 指定带有正确税率的产品。
一旦您查看了信息,您可以验证 采购清算。
采购代扣¶
The Purchase withholding is an electronic document that, when validated, is sent to SRI.
为了注册一个 购买代扣,需要有一个已验证状态的发票。在发票上,有一个名为 添加代扣 的按钮,点击此按钮将会跳转到 代扣 表单,然后填写以下信息:
文档编号: 输入文档编号(序列),您只需执行一次,然后序列将自动分配给下一个文档。
保留行: 税项根据产品和供应商的配置自动显示,您应该检查税项和税务支持是否正确,如果不正确,您可以编辑并选择正确的税项和税务支持。
一旦您查看了信息,您可以验证 扣款。
注解
You can’t change the tax support for one that was not included in the configuration of the taxes used on the Vendor Bill. To do so, go to the tax applied on the Vendor Bill and change the Tax Support there.
代扣税可以分为两行或更多行,这取决于是否适用两个或更多的代扣税率。
Example
The system suggests a VAT withholding of 30% with tax support 01, you can add your VAT withholding of 70% in a new line with the same tax support, the system will allow you as long as the total of the bases matches the total from the Vendor Bill.
电子商务¶
The ATS Report module enables the following:
Choose the SRI Payment Method in each payment method’s configuration.
Customers can manually input their identification type and identification number during the eCommerce checkout process.
Automatically generate a valid electronic invoice for Ecuador at the end of the checkout process.
配置¶
网站¶
To generate an invoice after the checkout process, navigate to Automatic Invoice option found under the Invoicing section.
and activate the小技巧
The invoice’s email template can be modified from the Invoice Email Template field under the Automatic Invoice option.
重要
The sales journal used for invoicing is the first in the sequence of priority in the Journal menu.
支付提供商¶
To activate the payment providers that should be used to capture eCommerce payments, navigate to View other providers button under the Activate Payments heading. From here, each payment provider can be configured by selecting a provider record. Refer to the payment provider documentation for more information.
section and then click on the支付方式¶
To activate one or more payment methods for a payment provider, click → Enable Payment Methods within the Configuration tab of each provider.
When configuring the payment method, it is mandatory to set the SRI Payment Method for each method. This field appears after you create and save the payment method for the first time.
注解
Adding the SRI Payment Method is necessary to generate correctly the electronic invoice from an eCommerce sale. Select a payment method to access its configuration menu and the field.
另请参阅
eCommerce workflow¶
Identification type and number¶
The client who is making a purchase will have the option to indicate their identification type and number during the checkout process. This information is required to correctly generate the electronic invoice after the checkout is completed.
注解
Verification is done to ensure the Identification Number field is completed and has the correct number of digits. For RUC identification, 13 digits are required. For Cédula, 9 digits are required.
After finishing the checkout process, a confirmed invoice is generated, ready to be sent manually or asynchronously to the SRI.
Point of Sale electronic invoicing¶
Make sure the Ecuadorian module for Point of Sale (l10n_ec_edi_pos
) is installed to enable the following features and configurations:
Choose the SRI payment method in each payment method configuration.
Manually input the customer’s identification type and identification number when creating a new contact on POS.
Automatically generate a valid electronic invoice for Ecuador at the end of the checkout process.
Payment method configuration¶
To create a payment method for a point of sale, go to . Then, set the SRI Payment Method in the payment method form.
Invoicing flows¶
Identification type and number¶
The POS cashier can create a new contact for a customer who requests an invoice from an open POS session.
The Ecuadorian Module for Point of Sale adds two new fields to the contact creation form: Identification Type and Tax ID.
注解
As the identification number length differs depending on the identification type, Odoo automatically checks the Tax ID field upon saving the contact form. To manually ensure the length is correct, know that the RUC and Citizenship types require 13 and 10 digits, respectively.
Electronic invoice: anonymous end consumer¶
When clients do not request an electronic invoice for their purchase, Odoo automatically sets the customer as Consumidor Final and generates an electronic invoice anyway.
注解
If the client requests a credit note due to a return of this type of purchase, the credit note should be made using the client’s real contact information. Credit notes cannot be created to Consumidor Final and can be managed directly from the POS session.
Electronic invoice: specific customer¶
If a customer requests an invoice for their purchase, it is possible to select or create a contact with their fiscal information. This ensures the invoice is generated with accurate customer details.
注解
If the client requests a credit note due to a return of this type of purchase, the credit note and return process can be managed directly from the POS session.
财务报告¶
In Ecuador, there are fiscal reports that the company presents to SRI. Odoo supports two of the main financial reports used by companies: reports 103 and 104.
To get these reports, go to the Accounting app and select Tax Report 103
or Tax Report 104
.
报告 103¶
此报告包含特定期间内的所得税预扣信息,可以每月或每半年报告一次。
You can see the information needed to report, which includes base and tax amounts, but also includes the tax code within the parenthesis in order to report it to the SRI.
报告104¶
此报告包含给定期间增值税和增值税代扣税的信息,可以是每月或每半年一次。
You can see the information needed to report, which includes base and tax amounts, but also includes the tax code within the parenthesis to report it to the SRI.
增值税报告¶
Install the ATS Report (l10n_ec_reports_ats
) module to enable
downloading the ATS report in XML format.
注解
The Ecuadorian ATS Report module depends on the previous installation of the Accounting app and the Ecuadorian EDI module.
配置¶
To issue electronic documents, ensure your company is configured as explained in the electronic invoice section.
In the ATS, every document generated in Odoo (invoices, vendor bills, sales and purchases withholdings, credit notes, and debit notes) will be included.
供应商账单¶
When generating a vendor bill, it is necessary to register the authorization number from the invoice that the vendor generated for the purchase. To do so, go to Authorization Number field.
and select the bill. Then, enter the number from the vendor’s invoice in the信用和借记通知按钮。¶
When generating a credit note or debit note manually or through importation, it is necessary to link this note to the sales invoice that is being modified by it.
注解
Remember to add all required information to the documents before downloading the ATS file. For example, add the Authorization Number and the SRI Payment Method on documents, when needed.
操作¶
To generate the ATS report, go to ATS.
and choose a time period for the desired ATS report, then clickThe downloaded XML file is ready to be uploaded to DIMM Formularios.
注解
When downloading the ATS report, Odoo generates a warning pop-up alerting the user if a document(s) has missing or incorrect data. Nevertheless, the user can still download the XML file.