比利时¶

配置¶

Install the 🇧🇪 Belgium fiscal localization package to get all the default accounting features of the Belgian localization, following the IFRS rules.

科目表¶

您可以通过以下方式访问会计科目表：会计 ‣ 配置 ‣ 会计: 会计科目表。

比利时的账户图表包括预配置的账户，如 PCMN 中所述。要添加新账户，点击新建。会出现一行新的内容。填写完毕后，点击保存，然后点击设置进一步配置。

另请参阅

科目表

税费¶

当安装了比利时 - 会计和比利时 - 会计报告模块时，默认的比利时税项会自动创建。每个税项都会影响比利时的税务报告，可以通过会计 ‣ 报告 ‣ 报表报告: 税务报告进入。

在比利时，标准增值税率为 21% ，但某些商品和服务的税率较低。中间税率为 12% ，适用于社会住房和餐馆供应的食品，而降低税率为 6% ，适用于大部分基本商品，如食品、供水、书籍和药品。 0% 税率适用于某些特殊商品和服务，如某些日报和周报，以及回收商品。

不可抵扣税款¶

在比利时，有些税费是不完全可抵扣的，比如汽车维护税。这意味着这些税费的一部分被视为费用。

在Odoo中，您可以通过为这些税项创建税务规则并将其链接到相应的账户来配置不可抵扣税项。这样，系统会自动计算税款并将其分配到适当的账户中。

要配置新的不可抵扣税项，请转到：会计 ‣ 配置 ‣ 会计：税项，然后点击新建：

添加一行并在基于列中选择基础;
添加一行，然后在基于列中选择税务，并在 % 列中输入 不可抵扣 的百分比；
在税务行上，选择与您的税务相关的税务网格；
添加一行，在 可扣除 百分比的列中添加 %；
在基于中设置税收；
选择 411000 VAT recoverable 作为账户，并选择相关的税率表。

创建了一个不可抵扣税项后，您可以在编码账单和贷项通知时选择相应的税项来应用它。系统会自动计算税额，并根据配置的税则将其分配到相应的账户中。

Example

使用比利时本地化，默认情况下创建 21%汽车 税（50%不可抵扣）。

另请参阅

报告¶

以下是可用的比利时特定报告列表：

资产负债表；
利润与损失；
税务报告；
合作伙伴增值税清单；
EC 销售清单;
进口统计。

您可以通过在报告上点击书籍图标并选择其比利时版本： (BE) ，来访问比利时特定版本的报告。

另请参阅

报告

不允许的费用报告¶

不允许的费用 是可以从您的会计结果中扣除但不能从您的税务结果中扣除的费用。

The disallowed expenses report is available by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Management: Disallowed Expenses. It allows financial results in real-time, and periodic changes. This report is generated based on the disallowed expenses categories that you can reach by going to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Management: Disallowed Expenses Categories. Some categories already exist by default but do not have any rates. Click on Set Rates to update a specific category.

小技巧

您可以为不同日期添加多个费率。在这种情况下，用于计算费用的费率取决于计算费用的日期和该日期设置的费率。
如果您已安装了 Fleet 应用程序，请在适用时勾选 Car Category 框。这将使车辆在预订供应商账单时变为必填项。

To link a disallowed expenses category with a specific account, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Chart of Accounts. Find the account you want, and click on Setup. Add the Disallowed Expense category in the Disallowed Expenses field. From now, when an expense is created with this account, the disallowed expense is calculated based on the rate mentioned in the Disallowed Expense category.

让我们来举个例子，反映餐厅和 汽车费用 。

餐厅费用¶

在比利时，餐厅费用中有31%是不可抵扣的。创建一个新的 不允许的费用类别 ，并设置相关账户和当前汇率。

汽车费用：车辆分摊¶

In Belgium, the deductible percentage varies from car to car and, therefore, should be indicated for each vehicle. To do so, open Fleet and select a vehicle. In the Tax info tab, go to the Disallowed Expenses Rate section and click on Add a line. Add a Start Date and a %. The amounts go in the same account for all car expenses.

当您为汽车费用创建账单时，您可以通过填写 Vehicle 列来将每个费用与特定车辆关联，以便应用正确的百分比。

在不允许的费用报告中可用的车辆拆分选项允许您查看每辆车的费率和不允许的金额。

费用表格 281.50 和表格 325¶

费用表格 281.50¶

Annually, a 281.50 fee form must be reported to the fiscal authorities. To do so, the tag 281.50 must be added on the contact form of the entities concerned by the 281.50 fee. To add the tag, open Contacts, select the person or company you want to create a 281.50 fee form for, and add the 281.50 tag in the Tags field.

注解

确保 街道、邮政编码、国家 和 增值税号码 也在 联系表单 中提供。

然后，根据费用的性质，在影响账户上添加相应的 281.50 标签。要这样做，请转到会计 ‣ 配置 ‣ 会计：账户表，然后点击设置，在受影响的账户上添加相应的 281.50 标签，即 281.50 - 佣金，根据费用的性质。

表格 325¶

您可以通过转到会计 ‣ 报告 ‣ 比利时: 创建325表来创建一个 325表。会弹出一个新页面：选择正确的选项并点击生成325表。要打开已经生成的 325表，请转到会计 ‣ 报告 ‣ 比利时: 打开325表。

CODA和SODA语句¶

CODA¶

CODA is an electronic XML format used to import Belgian bank statements. You can download CODA files from your bank and import them directly into Odoo by clicking Import file from your Bank journal on your dashboard.

另请参阅

Import bank files

SODA¶

SODA 是一种用于导入与工资相关的会计分录的电子 XML 格式。可以通过转到您的会计 仪表板 并在相关的日记卡表单中单击上传来导入 SODA 文件到您用于记录工资的日记中。

Once your SODA files are imported, the entries are created automatically in your salary journal.

CodaBox¶

CodaBox is a service that allows Belgian accounting firms to access their clients’ bank information and statements. Odoo provides a way to import such statements automatically.

注解

As an accounting firm, you must manage your clients on separate databases and configure them individually to avoid mixing up their data. The connection must be made by the accounting firm with valid CodaBox Connect credentials.

配置¶

The configuration must be done on each client database. In the following instructions, we will refer to your client’s company as Company and to your accounting firm as Accounting Firm.

You must first install CodaBox to start.

重要

Make sure the company settings are correctly configured, i.e., the country is set to Belgium, the Tax ID and Accounting Firm fields are filled, as well as the Tax ID of the Accounting Firm.

Configure the journals¶

Create a new bank journal.
Set the right IBAN in the Account Number field.
Select CodaBox synchronization as the Bank Feed.

小技巧

When working with bank transactions that use different currencies, it is recommended to create multiple journals with the same bank account but different currencies.

Configure the connection¶

Go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings, then go to the CodaBox section.
Click on Manage Connection to open the connection wizard, which shows the Accounting Firm VAT number and the Company VAT number that will be used for the connection.
If this is your first connection, click on Create connection. The wizard confirms that the connection has been created on Odoo’s side. Follow the steps to validate the connection on CodaBox’s side, too.

If this is not your first connection, the Accounting Firm Password provided by Odoo during the first connection will be requested to create a new connection.

注解
This Accounting Firm Password is unique to Odoo and must be stored securely on your side.

The Status should have now switched to Connected.

同步¶

Once the connection is established, Odoo can be synchronized with CodaBox.

CODA files are automatically imported from CodaBox every 12 hours. You do not have to do anything. However, if you wish, it can also be done manually, by clicking on Fetch from CodaBox in the Accounting Dashboard.

Potential issues¶

CodaBox is not configured. Please check your configuration.

Either the Company VAT or the Accounting Firm VAT is not set.
No connection exists with these accounting firms and company VAT numbers. Please check your configuration.

This can happen when checking the connection status, and the Accounting Firm VAT and Company VAT combination still needs to be registered. This may happen if you have changed the Company VAT after the connection was established. For security reasons, you have to recreate a connection for this Company VAT.
It seems that your CodaBox connection is not valid anymore. Please connect again.

This can happen if you revoke Odoo’s access to your CodaBox account or still need to complete the configuration process. In this case, you must revoke the connection and create a new one.
The provided password is not valid for this accounting firm. You must reuse the password you received from Odoo during your first connection.

The password you provided is different from the one you received from Odoo during your first connection. You must use the password you received from Odoo during your first connection to create a new connection for this accounting firm. If you have lost your password, you must first revoke the Odoo connection on CodaBox’s side (i.e., on your myCodaBox portal). Then, you can revoke the connection on Odoo’s side and create a new one.
It seems that the company or accounting firm VAT number you provided is not valid. Please check your configuration.

Either the Company VAT or the Accounting Firm VAT is not in a valid Belgian format.
It seems that the accounting firm VAT number you provided does not exist in CodaBox. Please check your configuration.

The Accounting Firm VAT number you provided is not registered in CodaBox. You may not have a valid CodaBox license linked to this VAT number.
It seems you have already created a connection to CodaBox with this accounting firm. To create a new connection, you must first revoke the old one on myCodaBox portal.

You must go to your myCodaBox portal and revoke Odoo’s access to your CodaBox account. Then, you can create a new connection on Odoo’s side.

小技巧

To revoke the connection between Odoo and CodaBox, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings, scroll down to the CodaBox section, click on Manage Connection, then click on Revoke.

电子发票¶

Odoo supports the Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 (UBL) electronic invoicing format. To enable it for a customer, go to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Customers, open their contact form, and under the Accounting tab, select the Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 format.

另请参阅

电子发票 (EDI)

现金折扣¶

在比利时，如果发票上提供了提前付款折扣，无论客户是否从折扣中受益，税金都是根据折扣后的总金额计算的。

为了正确应用正确的税额并在增值税申报中正确报告，请将税额减免设置为：始终（发票时）。

另请参阅

现金折扣和税收减免

财务认证：餐厅POS¶

在比利时，像餐厅或食品车等烹饪业务的所有者必须依法使用政府认证的 收银机系统 来开具收据。如果他们的年收入（不包括增值税、饮料和外卖食品）超过25,000欧元，则适用此规定。

这个政府认证的系统需要使用一个认证的POS系统，以及一个叫做财政数据模块（或者 黑盒子 ）和一个增值税签名卡。

重要

不要忘记在联邦公共服务财政注册表格上注册为 餐饮业经理。

认证的POS系统¶

Odoo POS 系统已通过 Odoo Online 和 Odoo.sh 上的主要数据库版本的认证。请参考下表，确保您的 POS 系统已获得认证。

	Odoo 在线	Odoo.sh	本地部署
Odoo 17.0	认证	认证	未认证
Odoo 16.0	认证	认证	未认证
Odoo 15.0	认证	认证	未认证
Odoo 14.0	认证	认证	未认证

另请参阅

支持的版本

一个认证的POS系统必须遵守严格的政府法规，这意味着它与非认证的POS系统运行方式不同。

在认证的 POS 上，您不能：
- 设置和使用 全局折扣 功能（ pos_discount 模块已列入黑名单，无法激活）。
- 设置和使用 忠诚度计划 功能（ pos_loyalty 模块已列入黑名单，无法激活）。
- 重新打印收据（ pos_reprint 模块已被列入黑名单，无法激活）。
- 修改订单行中的价格。
- 在POS订单中修改或删除订单行。
- 销售产品时没有有效的增值税号码。
- 使用未连接到物联网盒子的 POS。
The cash rounding feature must be activated and set to a Rounding Precision of 0,05 and a Rounding Method set as Half-Up.
税务必须设置为包含在价格中。要进行设置，请转到销售点 ‣ 配置 ‣ 设置，然后从会计部分，通过单击默认销售税字段旁边的箭头，打开默认销售税表单。在那里，点击高级选项并启用包含在价格中。
在 POS 会话开始时，用户必须点击 Work in 进行签到。这样可以注册 POS 订单。如果用户没有签到，他们将无法进行 POS 订单。同样，他们必须在会话结束时点击 Work Out 进行签退。

警告

If you configure a POS to work with a FDM, you cannot use it again without it.

财务数据模块¶

An FDM, or black box, is a government-certified device that works together with the Point of Sale application and saves your POS orders information. Concretely, a hash (unique code) is generated for each POS order and added to its receipt. This allows the government to verify that all revenue is declared.

警告

Only the FDM from Boîtenoire.be with the FDM certificate number BMC04 is supported by Odoo. Contact the manufacturer (GCV BMC) to order one.

配置¶

在设置数据库以使用FDM之前，请确保您拥有以下硬件：

a Boîtenoire.be (certificate number BMC04) FDM;
每个FDM需要一根RS-232串行空调调制解调器电缆；
每个FDM一个RS-232串口转USB适配器；
一个 IoT Box （每个黑匣子一个 IoT Box）；和
一个收据打印机。

黑盒模块¶

作为先决条件，激活 比利时注册现金收银机 模块（技术名称： pos_blackbox_be ）。

一旦模块被激活，将您的增值税号码添加到公司信息中。要设置它，转到：设置 ‣ 公司 ‣ 更新信息，并填写：增值税字段。然后，为每个操作POS系统的员工输入国家注册号码。要这样做，转到：员工应用程序并打开员工表单。在那里，转到： HR设置选项卡 ‣ 考勤/销售点，并填写： INSZ或BIS号码字段。

小技巧

要输入您的信息，请点击您的头像，转到我的个人资料 ‣ 偏好选项卡，然后在指定的字段中输入您的INSZ或BIS号码。

警告

You must configure the FDM directly in the production database. Utilizing it in a testing environment may result in incorrect data being stored within the FDM.

物联网盒子¶

In order to use an FDM, you need a registered IoT Box. To register your IoT box, you must contact us through our support contact form and provide the following information:

您的增值税号码；
您公司的名称、地址和法律结构；以及
您的物联网盒子的 MAC 地址。

一旦您的IoT盒子通过认证，连接它到您的数据库。为了验证IoT盒子是否识别FDM，请转到IoT主页并向下滚动到 IOT设备部分，应该显示FDM。

然后，将物联网添加到您的POS。要这样做，请转到：销售点 ‣ 配置 ‣ 销售点，选择您的POS，向下滚动到连接设备部分，并启用物联网盒子。最后，在财务数据模块字段中添加FMD。

注解

要能够使用FDM，您至少必须连接一个： Receipt Printer。

增值税签名卡¶

当您打开POS会话并进行初始交易时，系统会提示您输入您的 VSC 提供的PIN码。该卡由 FPS 在 注册<https://www.systemedecaisseenregistreuse.be/fr/enregistrement> _时提供。

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