科目表

The chart of accounts (COA) is the list of all the accounts used to record financial transactions in the general ledger of an organization. The chart of accounts can be found under Accounting‣Configuration‣Chart of Accounts.

When browsing your chart of accounts, you can sort the accounts by Code, Account Name, or Type, but other options are available in the drop-down menu (⋮).

账户配置

The country you select during the creation of your database (or additional company in your database) determines which fiscal localization package is installed by default. This package includes a standard chart of accounts already configured according to the country’s regulations. You can use it directly or set it according to your company’s needs.

To create a new account, go to Accounting‣Configuration‣Chart of Accounts, click Create, and fill in (at the minimum) the required fields (Code, Account Name, Type).

警告

一旦已经发布了记账凭证，就无法修改公司的 财务本地化 。

代码和名称

Each account is identified by its Code and Name, which also indicate the account’s purpose.

类型

正确配置 账户类型 非常重要，因为它具有多种用途：

• 账户用途和行为的信息

• 生成特定国家的法律和财务报告

• 设置财政年度结账规则

• 生成期初凭证

To configure an account type, open the Type field’s drop-down selector and select the corresponding type from the following list:

报告	分类	账户类型
资产负债表	资产	应收账款
		银行和现金
		流动资产
		非流动资产
		预付款项
		固定资产
	负债	应付款
		信用卡
		流动负债
		非流动负债
	股本	股本
		本年度收益
损益表	收入	收入
		其他收入
	费用	费用
		折旧费用
		营业成本
其他	其他	表外业务

资产、递延费用和递延收入自动化

Some account types can automate the creation of assets entries, deferred expenses entries, and deferred revenues entries. To automate entries, click Setup on an account line and go to the Automation tab.

You have three choices for the Automation tab:

1. 否: 这是默认值。什么都不会发生。

2. Create in draft: whenever a transaction is posted on the account, a draft entry is created but not validated. You must first fill out the corresponding form.

3. Create and validate: you must also select a Deferred Expense Model. Whenever a transaction is posted on the account, an entry is created and immediately validated.

默认税收

In the Setup menu of an account, select a default tax to be applied when this account is chosen for a product sale or purchase.

标签

Some accounting reports require tags to be set on the relevant accounts. To add a tag, under Setup, click the Tags field and select an existing tag or Create a new one.

账户组

Account groups are useful to list multiple accounts as sub-accounts of a bigger account and thus consolidate reports such as the Trial Balance. By default, groups are handled automatically based on the code of the group. For example, a new account 131200 is going to be part of the group 131000. You can attribute a specific group to an account in the Group field under Setup.

手动创建账户组

注解

普通用户不需要手动创建账户组。以下部分仅适用于罕见和高级用例。

To create a new account group, activate developer mode and head to Accounting app‣Configuration‣Account Groups. Here, create a new group and enter the name, code prefix, and company to which that group account should be available. Note that you must enter the same code prefix in both From and to fields.

To display your Trial Balance report with your account groups, go to Accounting‣Reporting‣Trial Balance, then open the Options menu and select Hierarchy and Subtotals.

允许对账

有些账户，例如用于记录支付交易的账户，可以用于对账分录。

例如，如果使用信用卡与发票进行了对账，可以将其标记为 paid 。因此，用于记录信用卡付款的账户需要配置为 允许对账 。

To do so, check the Allow Reconciliation box in the account’s settings, and Save; or enable the button from the chart of accounts view.

已弃用

It is not possible to delete an account once a transaction has been recorded on it. You can make them unusable by using the Deprecated feature: check the Deprecated box in the account’s settings, and Save.

另请参阅

• 会计备忘单

• 非流动资产和固定资产

• 待摊费用和预付款项

• 递延收入

• 财务本地化

• Odoo教程：科目表

• Odoo教程：更新您的科目表